Fig. 5

Protein-protein interactions between dysregulated modules. This figure plots the number of protein-protein interactions (on log₁₀ scale) between seed modules and downregulated (left) or upregulated (right) modules (y-axis) as a function of module size (number of genes in the module; x-axis). Seed modules that are downregulated are colored in blue, while upregulated seed modules are colored in red. Non-dysregulated seed modules are colored in green. For dysregulated seed modules, the number of connections reflects the number of protein connections with other dysregulated modules, not counting self-connections (e.g., connections between genes of the same co-expression module). This figure clearly shows that seed modules that are dysregulated (red or blue) possess a far greater number of connections with other dysregulated modules compared to non-dysregulated modules (green) of a similar size