Face individual identity recognition: a potential endophenotype in autism

Table 3 Comparisons between autistic participants with (AUT-P) and without (AUT-NP) prosopagnosia

	Group	N	Mean	SD	SE	t (df)/T_y(df)	p	95% CI	Cohen’s d/Yuen’s effect size
ADOS CSS	AUT-NP	43	6.40	2.55	0.39
ADOS CSS	AUT-P	24	7.08	2.60	0.53	− 1.05(65)	0.30	− 1.99,0.62	− 0.27
ADI TOT	AUT-NP	38	43.16	11.28	1.83
ADI TOT	AUT-P	17	45.77	12.95	3.14	− 0.76 (53)	0.45	− 9.52, 4.31	− 0.22
AQ	AUT-NP	51	30.86	9.53	1.33
AQ	AUT-P	27	31.30	8.12	1.56	0.13 (39)	0.89	− 3.54, 4.04	0.07
IQ	AUT-NP	49	80.56	26.86	3.84
IQ	AUT-P	25	73.68	31.73	6.35	0.87 (17.94)	0.35	− 8.52, 23.09	0.21
RMET	AUT-NP	50	0.65	0.16	0.02
RMET	AUT-P	26	0.60	0.19	0.04	0.95 (22.3)	0.35	− 0.07, 0.17	0.18
PI20	AUT-NP	42	55.00	15.51	2.39
PI20	AUT-P	21	56.57	16.07	3.51	0.40 (23.59)	0.69	− 12.11, 819	0.1
PT	AUT-NP	50	13.22	6.07	0.86
PT	AUT-P	26	12.46	5.57	1.09	0.69 (74)	0.49	− 1.84, 3.79	0.17
EC	AUT-NP	50	16.08	5.30	0.75
EC	AUT-P	26	16.27	6.27	1.23	− 0.004 (74)	1.00	− 2.70, 2.69	− 9.37e−4
TAS	AUT-NP	44	50.32	10.60	1.60
TAS	AUT-P	23	59.09	10.99	2.29	1.85 (65)	0.07	− 0.41, 10.57	− 0.44

Cohen’s d effect size is interpreted as 0.2 (small), 0.5 (medium), 0.8 (large); (_*) Yuen’s effect size is interpreted as 0.10 (small), 0.30 (medium), and 0.50 (large)
t = Student t, (_*) T_y = Yuen’s T, SD standard deviation, SE standard error, df degrees of freedom, CI confidence interval, AUT-P autistic prosopagnosic, AUT-NP autistic non-prosopagnosic, ADOS Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADI TOT Autism Diagnostic Interview Total score (i.e., Communication + Social Interaction + Restricted Repetitive Behaviour + Developmental Abnormalities), AQ^* autism quotient, IQ^* Intelligence Quotient, RMET^* Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, PI20 Twenty-item Prosopagnosia Index, PT Perspective Taking, EC Empathic Concern, TAS Toronto Alexithymia Scale

ISSN: 2040-2392