Fig. 2

Forest plot demonstrating adjusted ORs (points) and 95% confidence intervals (lines) of the association between individual immune markers (listed along the Y axis) measured in (a) maternal mid-pregnancy serum samples and (b) in newborn bloodspots and ASD. ORs represent 1-SD change in immune marker, or as indicated according to the highest quartile (Q4) versus the lowest. a Most estimates are adjusted for gestational age at the time of draw, maternal weight, age, race, ethnicity and country of origin. References: Goines et al. [31], Zerbo et al. [49], Grether et al. [54], Jones et al. [55], Traglia et al. [43]. 6CKINE, chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21); BCA-1, B cell-attracting chemokine 1; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CRP, C-reactive protein; CTACK, cutaneous T cell–attracting chemokine; GCP-2, granulocyte chemotactic protein 2; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; MCP-4, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP-1a, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha; Q4, OR compares highest quartile to lowest quartile; TNF, tumor necrosis factor. ^aIL-8 was examined in phase 2 data in Jones et al. [55] and replicated in a genetic subsample of phase 2 in Traglia et al. [43]. b Most estimates are adjusted for birth type (C-section vs. vaginal), child’s sex, gestational age at birth, birth weight, postnatal age at bloodspot collection, maternal and paternal age, maternal and paternal education, birth season, maternal birth place, child’s birth year, maternal and paternal race, and Bio-Plex plate number. References: Zerbo et al. [32], Grether et al. [54], Traglia et al. [43], Heuer et al. [56]. ≤ 10%, OR compares ≤ 10% marker quantile to > 10% level; 6CKINE, chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21); BCA-1, B cell-attracting chemokine 1; CTACK, cutaneous T cell–attracting chemokine; Detected, OR compares value above the minimum level of detection to values below; GCP-2, granulocyte chemotactic protein 2; Gro-α, growth-regulated oncogene alpha; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP-1a, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha; MIG, monkine induced by gamma interferon; Q4, OR compares highest quartile to lowest quartile; TARC, thymus and activation regulated chemokine; TECK, thymus-expressed chemokine; TNF, tumor necrosis factor. ^bIL-8 was examined in phase 2 data in Heuer et al. [56] and in a genetic subsample of phase 2 in Traglia et al. [43]