Sex-specific and sex-independent steroid-related biomarkers in early second trimester maternal serum associated with autism

Table 2 Association between maternal serum sex hormone binding globulin levels and odds of offspring developing autism

Cohort	Mean	Range	SD	Crude models^a			Adjusted models^a,b
Cohort	Mean	Range	SD	OR	95% CI	P Value	AOR	95% CI	P Value
Overall (N = 136)	316.42	57.05–1110.11	223.16	0.66	0.56–0.77	< 0.001	0.65	0.55–0.78	< 0.001
By sex
Males (n = 82)	289.54	66.42–1110.11	204.93	0.69	0.58–0.83	< 0.001	0.7	0.57–0.85	< 0.001
Females (n = 54)	357.23	57.05–1030.56	244.65	0.54	0.37–0.79	0.001	0.58	0.35–0.95	0.031
By gestational age category^c
Term (n = 97)	274.95	57.05–1110.11	224.62	0.67	0.55–0.82	< 0.001	0.67	0.53–0.85	< 0.001
Preterm (n = 39)	419.56	77.69–813.79	184.81	0.63	0.45–0.86	0.004	0.5	0.30–0.85	0.01

^aOR and AOR are calculated for every 50 nmol/L increase in sex hormone binding globulin
^bAdjusted for Principal Component Factor 1 (gestational age, birthweight), Principal Component Factor 2 (maternal age, paternal age, maternal education duration, paternal education duration), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, newborn sex. When stratified by sex, sex was removed as a covariate. When stratified by gestational age category, principal component factor 1 was replaced with birthweight
^cPreterm < 37 weeks gestation; term ≥ 37 weeks gestation

ISSN: 2040-2392