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Table 1 Participants’ characteristics within each condition group (ASC and TD)

From: Spontaneous instrumental approach-avoidance learning in social contexts in autism

Variable

N

ASC, N = 2741

TD, N = 2901

p-value2

effect size3

Experiment

564

  

0.5

 

Angry

 

127 (46%)

127 (44%)

  

Happy

 

147 (54%)

163 (56%)

  

Gender

564

  

0.5

 

F

 

130 (47%)

146 (50%)

  

M

 

144 (53%)

144 (50%)

  

Strategy

564

  

0.4

 

Non-explicit

 

185 (68%)

186 (64%)

  

Explicit

 

89 (32%)

104 (36%)

  

Age

564

24.0 (21.0, 28.0)

24.0 (21.0, 29.0)

> 0.9

0.004

Education

564

  

> 0.9

 

Undergraduate

 

119 (43%)

130 (45%)

  

A-levels

 

90 (33%)

92 (32%)

  

Graduate

 

37 (14%)

41 (14%)

  

Technical

 

25 (9.1%)

24 (8.3%)

  

PhD

 

2 (0.7%)

2 (0.7%)

  

Secondary

 

1 (0.4%)

1 (0.3%)

  

Handedness

564

  

0.10

 

R

 

231 (84%)

253 (87%)

  

L

 

31 (11%)

33 (11%)

  

A

 

12 (4.4%)

4 (1.4%)

  

CATI total

564

154 (137, 168)

109 (90, 127)

< 0.001

0.664

CATIsoc

564

28 (23, 32)

19 (14, 24)

< 0.001

0.465

CATIcom

564

22 (18, 25)

13 (10, 17)

< 0.001

0.593

CATIcam

564

25 (21, 29)

18 (14, 22)

< 0.001

0.488

CATIrig

564

28.0 (24.0, 31.0)

22.0 (19.0, 26.0)

< 0.001

0.448

CATIrep

564

27 (23, 30)

19 (15, 23)

< 0.001

0.523

CATIsen

564

26 (21, 30)

16 (11, 19)

< 0.001

0.619

STAI-State

564

12.0 (9.0, 15.0)

10.0 (7.0, 12.0)

< 0.001

0.302

STAI-Trait

564

17.0 (13.0, 19.0)

12.0 (10.0, 15.0)

< 0.001

0.420

PHQ

564

11 (6, 16)

5 (2, 9)

< 0.001

0.408

BIS

564

24.0 (21.0, 26.8)

22.0 (19.0, 24.0)

< 0.001

0.245

BASDrive

564

10.00 (8.00, 12.00)

11.00 (9.00, 12.00)

0.4

0.036

BASFun

564

11.00 (9.00, 13.00)

12.00 (10.00, 13.00)

0.022

0.097

BASReward

564

16.00 (14.25, 18.00)

17.00 (15.00, 18.00)

0.035

0.089

  1. 1n (%); Median (IQR)
  2. 2Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test
  3. 3Wilcoxon effect size, 0.10 - < 0.3 (small effect), 0.30 - < 0.5 (moderate effect) and >= 0.5 (large effect)
  4. Note: Soc: Social Interactions, Com: Communication, Cam: Social Camouflage, Rig: Cognitive Rigidity, Rep: Repetitive Behaviour and Sen: Sensory Sensitivity